Friday, April 27, 2012

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Questions and Answers of Buddhist History

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(1)What is Nikaya Buddhism?
Nikaya Buddhism is monastic Buddhism after the initial schism into the MahasanghiKa and Sthavira schools had occurred.
 (2)What is India Buddhism ?
The Buddhism which existed in India during 6th century B.C and 10th century A.D, is called Indian Buddhism.

 (3)What is Mahasanghika ?
Mahasanghika is sect created by Vijjiputtaka bhikkhus in the 4th century BC, about 100 years after the Buddha's death, and represented the first major schism in the Buddhist community. There were nine kinds of branches in Mahasanghika.

(4)The period of India Buddhism?
The period of Indian Buddhism was during 6th century B.C and 10th century A.D.

 (5)Why was the 1st Buddhism council held?
 The first Buddhist council was held as Ven. Mahakassapa thera who heard  resentment of Ven. Subbhadda about the Buddha and wanted to maintain Dhamma and Vinaya.

(6)What is Early Buddhism ?
Early Buddhism is the Buddhism which existed from enlightenment to the first council.

(7)Why it is called early Buddhism?                                                                                           It is called the Early Buddhism because the Gotama Buddha founded  the Teachings and monastic organization and structure.

(8) How many schools are belong to Mahasangia and Teravada?                                Nine schools are belong to Mahasanghika.                                                                           Eleven schools are belong to Theravada.

(9) How many Sanghitis in Theravada Buddhism are there?                                                   Six  Council (Sanghitis) in Theravada Buddhism are:-
1) The First Buddhist Council in 482 B.C.E (Raajagaha City, India);                                                                       2) The Second Buddhist Council in 383 B.C.E (Vesaalii City, India);                                                             3) The Third Buddhist Council in 250 B.C.E (Paa.taliputta City, India);                                                    4) The Four Buddhist Council in 94 B.C B.C.E (Malaya Janapada, Sri Lanka);                                   5) The Fifth Buddhist Council in in 1871A.D (Mandalay, Myanmar); and                        6) The Sixth Buddhist Council in   in 1954 A.D (Yangon, Myanmar).  
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
(10) Different missionary countries at the time of King Asoka.
1.     Majjhanika Thera  -------- Kashmir, Afghanistan and Ghandare, west Pakistan.
2.     Mahadeva -------------                   Mahisa Mandala [modem Mysore]
3.     Rakkhita      ----------------                        Vanavasi
4.     Yona Dhammarakkhita ------------      Aparanta
5.     Mahadhammarakkhita -------------     Aaharasta
6.     Maha rakkhita       -----------------------Yavana
7.     Majjhima                 ---------------              Himalaya
8.     Sona and Uttara    -----------------           Suvanna Bhumi
9.     Mahinda                  -------------               Tambapanni
(Mahinda went to Lanka Together with I.t.tiya, Uttiya, Sambala,  Bhaddsaala and Samanera Sumana.)

(11) What is the meaning of B.C.E?
 B.C.E means Before Common Era or Before Christ Era.

 (12)What is the earliest name of Sri Lanka?
The earliest names of Sri Lanka are Tampadiipa, Alankaadiipa, Siiha.la and Ceylon.

(13) What is Dhammasangani?
Dhammasangani is the first book of Seven Abhidhamma books.

(14) The Meaning of Devanam of Devana.mpiyatassa?                                                 Devanam means “Dear to the Gods.”

(15) When is the fourth council held in Sri Lanka?                                                                         The fourth council held in Sri Lanka is in first Century B.C (94 B.C)

16. Which monastery did Buddhaghosa stay in?
Buddhaghosa from south India, stayed at Mahavihara monastery( In the fifth century during the reign of king Mahanama came to Sri Lanka).

17. Dipavamsa
Dipavamsa unknown author, also compiled by some nuns some parts, consist of  22 chapters.

18.Mahavamsa
Mahavamsa-compiled by Mahanamam, consist of 37 chapters.

19. Sri Kristra  Period
            Sri Kristra , the glory city, was founded by the King of Dwottabaung in fifth century B.C.E  (after the Buddhist Era- 101 year) near the place where is far from Pyi town in Pago Division, (Burma) Myanmar for about 5 miles.

20. Where was the Buddhism of Burmese people from?
 The Buddhism of Burmese people was from Mon (Raminnya) region.

21. Why was Raminna  was known as famous region.
Raminna: Hansaavati, Muttama, and Suvannabhuumi (Thahton) was known as famous region as it was the main point which distributes the Buddhism to the whole Myanmar and Theravada Buddhist countries.

22. Who was the first ruler of Bagan?                                                                                               The King of Anuruddha (Anawrathar) is the  first ruler of Bagan in 16 th century A.D.

23. The Fifth Council of Mandalay?
The  fifth Buddhist council of Mandalay was supported by the king Mindon in 1871A.D. It was presided over by three Elders: the Venerable Mahathera Jagarabhivamsa, the Venerable Narindabhidhaja, and the Venerable Mahathera Sumangalasami in the company of 2,400 monks. Their joint Dhamma recitation lasted five months.

24. Kusotaw Pagoda
Kusotaw pagoda built by King Mindon is at the foot of Mandalay Hill Tipitaka. There were 729 Tipitaka marble slabs, the world’s largest books, for posterity in the Myaanmar script at around the pagoda after its recitation.  They are that stands to this day.

25. Maha Pasana [cause-guha]
Maha Passana Guha (the Great cave) is in Kabaraye, Yangon (Rangoon), Myanmar (Burma). The sixth Buddhist Council was a general council of Theravada Buddhism held there.

26. How many Nikayas in Burma are there?                                                                            Nikayas in Burma are nine ones:
1)   Sudhamma Sect;
2)   Shwekyin Sect;
3)   Dhammanudhamma Mahadvara Nikaya Sect;
4)   Dhammavinayanuloma Muladvara Nikaya Sect;
5)   Ah-nauk-Chaung Dvara Sect;
6)   Veluvana Nikaya Sect;
7)   Catubhummika Mahasatipatthana Nget-twin Sect;
8)   Ganavimut Kudo Sect; and
9)   Dhammayutti Nikaya Ma-har-yin Sect.

1)   Siam Nikaya;
2)   Amrapura Nikaya; and    
3)   Ramanna Nikaya.

28. How many nikayas in Thailand are there?
Nikayas in Thailand are two ones:
1) Mahānikāya; and
2) Dhammayuttika Nikaya.

29. When and why did Upaalivamsa monk from Thai Ayutthaya, go to Sri Lank?
A chapter of 8/10 monks headed by Upaali Mahaathera including the 3 ambassadors of Ayutthaya, arrived in Ceylon in 17 century A.D because of King Boromkot of Ayuthiya, sent a mission to Ceylon on request of the Ceylonese king Kirti Sri Rajasimha for purification of Buddhist sangha. (Under the royal patronage of the Ceylonese king, an upasampadaa ceremony was held in 1756 in order to purify the sangha. Thereafter, a sect comes to existence as the Siyaama sect or Siyaamagaama, or the Siyaamava.msa or Upaaliva.msa or Siyaamopaaliva.msa.)

30. When was Mahachulalongkornrajavidyalaya university founded by whom?                                                Founded by King Chulalongkorn in 1887, the Mahachulalongkornraja-vidyalaya university began offering classes in 1889. It adopted its current name in 1896. By bills passed in 1997, both Thailand's Buddhist university, it became public universities.
Mahachula University was built by Somdet Phra Paramintharamaha Bhumibol Asulyadej Sayamminthrarathirat Borommanattha Enacted for International Program on the 21st Day of September B.E. 2540: Being the 52nd Year of the Present Reign.

31. How did the Buddhism create by Kumarajiva in china?
In the 5th century, different Buddhist schools emerged, each being known as tsung or a clan some Indian schools; San-lun, or three tretise of madhyamka introduced by kumārajiva.

32. What is Shamanism?
Shamanism is religion the of nature worship- the mountains that were believed to be the residence of spirits in pre-Buddhist times became the sites of Buddhist temples.

33. What is Shinto?
Shinto is religion of Pre-Buddhist Japan Shinto, the way of the Gods, divine gods, each known as kami , Shinto gods are the guardians and protectors.

34. What is Taoism?  
Taoism is religion which refers to a variety of related philosophical and  religious traditions and concepts that have influenced East Asia for over two millennia and the West for over two centuries.

35. When and how did Buddhism come and founded in Japan?
Buddhism came to Japan through Korea in the later half of the 6th century A.D. In 552, through the agency of the King of Pekche (Kundra), in Southern Korea, the royal gifts of a statue of Buddha, the Sutras and banners were presented to the Japanese Emperor, with a message to the effect that the Buddhist Dharma, the most excellent of all doctrines.

36. What is P.T.S.D?
P.T.S.D is Pali Texts Society Dictionary.

37. What is the Light of Asia?
The Light of Asia is the life of Gautama Buddha, the life of Siddhartha, Gautama Buddha or founder of Buddhism.

38. Who wrote the Light of Asia?
Sir Edwin Arnold wrote and published the Light of Asia (in 1879).

39. Who built Ankor Wat?
King Jayavarman II [802-869], the first real Khmer king of the Angkor Empire, who established the capital of Angkor, built Angkor Wat.

40. Who created Zen Buddhism in China?
Bodhidhamma, the Southern Indian Pallava prince-turned-monk, created Zen Buddhism in China in 7 century A.D.

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