Law of Bangladesh
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Law of Bangladesh
is primarily in accordance with the English legal
system although since 1947, the legal
scenario and the laws of Bangladesh have drifted far from the West owing to
difference in socio-cultural values and religious guidelines. In November 2007, Bangladesh has
successfully separated the Judiciary from the Executive but several black laws
still influence the rulers in creating Special Tribunals in using several black
laws including the Special Powers Act.
Fundamental
Rights in Bangladesh
Bangladesh
People have 24 Fundamental Rights. It Approve by the Constitution of
Bangladesh, Part-
1.
Article 26 to 47A. The Fundamental
Rights in Bangladesh under below:
2.
Laws inconsistent with fundamental
rights to be void.
3.
Equality before law.
4.
Discrimination on grounds of religion,
etc.
5.
Equality of opportunity in public
employment.
6.
Prohibition of foreign titles, etc
7.
Right to protection of law
8.
Protection of right to life and personal
liberty
9.
Safeguards as to arrest and detention
10.
Prohibition of forced labour
11.
Protection in respect of trial and
punishment
12.
Freedom of movement
13.
Freedom of assembly
14.
Freedom of association
15.
Freedom of thought and conscience, and
of speech
16.
Freedom of profession or occupation
17.
Freedom of religion
18.
Rights of property
19.
Protection of home and correspondence
20.
Enforcement of fundamental rights
21.
Modification of rights in respect of
disciplinary law
22.
Power to provide indemnity
23.
Saving for certain laws
24.
Inapplicability of certain articles
The Supreme Court
The Supreme Court of Bangladesh comprises the
Appellate Division and the High Court Division. It is the apex Court of the
country and other Courts and Tribunals are subordinate to it.
The High Court Division
The High Court Division, though a
Division of the Supreme Court, is for all practical purposes, an independent
court with its powers, functions and jurisdictions well defined and determined
under the Constitution and different laws. It has both appellate as well as
original jurisdiction. It hears appeals from orders, decrees and judgments of
subordinate courts and tribunals. It has original jurisdiction to hear Writ
Applications under article 102 of the Constitution, which is known as extra
ordinary constitutional jurisdiction. It has further original jurisdiction,
inter alia, in respect of company and admiralty matters under statutes. The
High Court Division, in special circumstances, has also powers and jurisdiction
to hear and dispose of cases as the court of first instance under article 101
of the Constitution. The High Court Division shall have Superintendence and
control over all Courts and tribunals subordinate to it.
The Subordinate Courts and
Tribunals
There are a wide variety of subordinate
courts and tribunals. Such courts and tribunals are the creatures of statutes.
Their powers, functions and jurisdictions are also determined by the respective
statutes. These are the basic courts in the system of the judiciary of
Bangladesh. The major bulk of the cases, both civil and criminal, are tried and
heard in such courts and tribunals. Certain tribunals are termed as
administrative tribunals. Such courts and tribunals spread all over the country
at the district levels. The subordinate courts in Bangladesh can be divided in
two broad classes, namely, civil courts and criminal courts.
Civil Courts
The civil court system is more popularly known as
the subordinate judiciary. The civil courts are created under the Civil Courts
Act of 1887. The Act provides for five tiers of civil courts in a district,
which bottom-up are i) court of assistant judge, ii) court of senior assistant
judge, iii) court of joint district judge, iv) court of additional district
judge and v) court of district judge. The first three are courts of first
instances with powers, functions and jurisdictions in respect of subject
matter, territory and pecuniary value determined by or under statutes. The rest
two are generally courts of appeal in civil matters. now the civil suits are
rapidly disclose in the court
Criminal
Courts
1.
Courts of
Sessions
2.
Courts of
Metropolitan Sessions
3.
Special
courts/tribunals (Criminal)
4.
Courts of
Metropolitan Magistrate
5.
Courts of
Magistrate
Legal
Profession
The academic systems of the country allow two
separate systems of qualifying legal degrees in Bangladesh which are
college-oriented two year LL.B degrees are the University based four-year LL.B
(Hons) degrees which require more extensive academic commitment and the seats
at the universities remain competitive. But recent rise in the trend of
obtaining foreign academic LL.B. degrees (especially from UK) has the tendency
in using the loophole in the Bangladesh Bar Council in allowing a foreign LL.B
degree holder qualifying as an Advocate in Bangladesh without having properly
studied academically the core legal subjects of laws of Bangladesh.
Limitations
Most of the people of Bangladesh live under a
certain poverty level and few people are aware law and law enforcement. It’s
one of the main reason that many people seeking justice is derived from
justice. There are some of the obstacles and limitations to implement rule of
law:
o The
procedure to get justice is a lengthy process. "Justice delayed justice
denied."
o Many
crime/violation of rule is overlooked for socio-political reason.
o Involvement
of influential person
o Lack
of confidence on law enforcement authorities.
o Witness
of crime denies assisting for keeping him/her away from a hassle.
o Weak
information report by Police.
Corruption
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